Every year Oxford Dictionaries selects a word or expression that has attracted a great deal of interest during the year to date. The Oxford Dictionaries 2016 Word of the Year.

POST-TRUTH: The Word of The Year

– an adjective defined as ‘relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief’.

The Word of the Year (post-truth) and accompanying shortlist have been selected by Oxford Dictionary as they reflect the social, cultural, political, economic, and technological trends and events that have been a part of 2016. The list includes words that have been coined this year as well as older words that have taken on new meaning or have particular resonance in 2016.

In alphabetical order, the shortlisted words for the  Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2016 are:

adulting noun, informal

The practice of behaving in a way characteristic of a responsible adult, especially the accomplishment of mundane but necessary tasks.

With an increase in usage and countless memes, adulting is hugely associated with this year. Adulting and the related verb to adult shift the noun adult into verbal use. Such ‘verbing’ of nouns is often criticized, but it is a common source of new words in English (it’s how we got the word parenting,  which adulting is probably modelled on).

alt-right noun

An ideological grouping associated with extreme conservative or reactionary viewpoints, characterized by a rejection of mainstream politics and by the use of online media to disseminate deliberately controversial content.

The term alt-right is shortened from the fuller form ‘alternative right’, which was first used by self-described paleo-conservatives in 2008 and was the title of a far-right online publication founded in 2010. The alt-rightabbreviation was in use among the movement’s adherents by 2011, but it was rarely used outside that circle until the past year. Usage of the term alt-right surged during the spring and summer of 2016, with 30% of usage this year in August alone, as the movement became associated with support for the presidential candidacy of Donald Trump and was widely discussed in the American media.

 Brexiteer noun, informal

A person who is in favor of the United Kingdom withdrawing from the European Union.

Brexit has been one of the major political/cultural talking points of the year. The word Brexit itself was on Oxford’s word of the year shortlist in both 2014 and 2015; for 2016, we opted to highlight one of the many spin-off words it has spawned. We’ve chosen Brexiteer because it is the most widely used of the various Brexit  coinages. (see prior blog : Brexit: An addition to the English Lexicon)

chatbot noun

A computer program designed to simulate conversation with human users, especially over the Internet.

The use of chatbot has skyrocketed in 2016, with some tech commentators dubbing this ‘the year of the chatbot’. The word has been used to refer to programs designed to simulate conversation with humans since the 1990s, however the Oxford Dictionaries corpus shows a surge in evidence beginning in March 2016, when Microsoft launched and then quickly withdrew its chatbot ‘Tay’ on Twitter after it began to produce offensive tweets.  Usage of the word continued to rise in the following months, as high-profile announcements were made about new chatbot  applications and platforms.

coulrophobia noun

Extreme or irrational fear of clowns

2016 saw a perturbing trend of people dressing as scary clowns. Coulrophobia encapsulates the feelings people have towards this trend. It originated in the 1980s: from the Greek kōlobatheron (‘stilt’, apparently with allusion to stilt-walking as a form of popular entertainment) and ‘phobia’.

The phenomenon of clown fear is apparently common, but the word coulrophobia  is relatively rare, although its use surges occasionally in response to contemporary events. Prior to the creepy clown hysteria of 2016, where there was a brief but marked increase in use, the biggest spike in usage of the term was in October 2014, when the US television programme American  Horror Story: Freakshow featured a killer clown.

glass  cliff noun

Used with reference to a situation in which a woman or member of a minority group ascends to a leadership position in challenging circumstances where the risk of failure is high.

The psychologists Michelle Ryan and Alex Haslam coined the term glass cliff in 2004. Their research identified a phenomenon in which women or minorities were more likely to break through the ‘glass ceiling’ to achieve leadership positions in situations where there was an increased the risk of failure and criticism. The appointment of Theresa May and candidature of Hillary Clinton have brought glass  cliff to greater cultural prominence in 2016

hygge noun

A quality of  comfortable conviviality that engenders a feeling of contentment or well-being (regarded as a defining characteristic of Danish culture).

Fascination with hygge first arose in the United Kingdom, which has been gripped by enthusiasm for Scandinavian culture for several years now, but it has also recently begun to make an impact in the United States. English does not have a word for this precise concept, which is, after all, grounded in Danish culture. As is often the case when a word is initially borrowed from another language, much of the evidence for hygge in English publications so far is self-conscious, and is accompanied by explanations of what it means. However, there is growing evidence of contextual use on social media, where hygge has been used as a hashtag for photos of candlelit tables and embraced as the ultimate respite from the year’s more serious events.

Latinx noun

A person of Latin American origin or descent (used as a gender-neutral or non-binary alternative to Latino or Latina).

Latinx arose in response to a fascinating quandary: how can a language like Spanish, in which nouns and adjectives have grammatical gender, be used in a gender-neutral way? In contexts where gender is mixed or unspecified, the masculine form is typically used, but some people have objected to this convention, arguing that it excludes women, as well as people who identify as neither male nor female. Latinx replaces the gendered -a or -o ending with -x. Latinx was being used online in Spanish by 2009, and had made its way into English use by 2012. It is still uncommon in mainstream English publications, but is widely used on American university campuses.

woke adjective, US informal

[originally in African-American usage]

Alert to injustice in society, especially racism.

This usage of woke, appearing especially in the phrase ‘stay woke’, is novel in general US English but has existed in the variety known as African American Vernacular English (AAVE) for decades. In some forms of AAVE, woke is used as an alternative to ‘awake’ or ‘woken’. By the mid-20th century, that adjectival use of woke was appearing in metaphorical contexts relating to political awakenings, as well as in a more general slang meaning of ‘well informed’.

Please see source article for further information. https://oxforddictionaries.com/press/news/2016/11/17/WOTY-16